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Relationship between pulmonary function and lung cancer surgical outcome

¹ Thoracic Oncology, and Depts of ² Respiratory Physiology, and ⁵ Cardiothoracic Surgery, Papworth Hospital, and ³ Medical Research Council (UK) Biostatistics Unit, and ⁴ Dept of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK

CORRESPONDENCE: T. Win, Thoracic Oncology Unit, Papworth Hospital, Papworth Everard, Cambridge, CB3 8RE, UK. Fax: 44 1480364331. E-mail: thida.win@papworth.nhs.uk

Keywords: Lung carcinoma, lung function, lung function tests, surgical resection

Received: June 28, 2004
Accepted November 26, 2004

The British Thoracic Society and American College of Chest Physician guidelines outline criteria for investigating patients for lung cancer surgery. However, the guidelines are based on relatively old studies. Therefore, the relationship between pulmonary function test results and surgical outcome were studied prospectively in a large cohort of lung cancer patients.

From January 2001 to December 2003, 110 patients underwent surgery for lung cancer. All underwent full lung function testing in order to predict post-operative lung function.

The hospital mortality rate was 3% and major complication rate 22%. There was poor overall outcome in 13%. Mean pre-operative lung function values were: forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁) 2.0 L (79.4% of the predicted value), and carbon monoxide diffusing capacity of the lung (D_L,CO) 73.6% pred. The mean post-operative lung function values were: FEV₁ 1.4 L (55.6% pred), and D_L,CO 51.3% pred. All lung function values were better predictors of poor surgical outcome when expressed as a percentage of the predicted value. Using a threshold of pre-operative FEV₁ of 47% pred resulted in the most useful positive and negative predictive probabilities, 0.90 and 0.67, respectively.

Lung function values expressed as a percentage of the predicted value are more useful predictors of post-operative outcome than absolute values. The threshold of predicted forced expiratory volume in one second for surgical intervention could be lower (45–50% pred) than is currently accepted without increased mortality.

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