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Quantitative computed tomography and aerosol morphometry in COPD and ₁-antitrypsin deficiency

¹ Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark. ² InAMed Research GmbH & Co. Kg, Gauting, Germany.

CORRESPONDENCE: S. B. Shaker, Dept of Respiratory Medicine, post 58, Gentofte University Hospital, Niels Andersens vej 65, DK-2900 Hellerup, Denmark. Fax: 45 39777958. E-mail: saher@dadlnet.dk

Keywords: Aerosol science, airway obstruction, ₁-antitrypsin deficiency, emphysema, quantitative computed tomography

Received: June 22, 2004
Accepted August 16, 2004

Relative area of emphysema below -910 Hounsfield units (RA-910) and 15th percentile density (PD15) are quantitative computed tomography (CT) parameters used in the diagnosis of emphysema. New concepts for noninvasive diagnosis of emphysema are aerosol-derived airway morphometry, which measures effective airspace dimensions (EAD) and aerosol bolus dispersion (ABD).

Quantitative CT, ABD and EAD were compared in 20 smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and 22 patients with ₁-antitrypsin deficiency (AAD) with a similar degree of airway obstruction and reduced diffusion capacity.

In both groups, there was a significant correlation between RA-910 and PD15 and pulmonary function tests (PFTs). A significant correlation was also found between EAD, RA-910 and PD15 in the study population as a whole. Upon separation into two groups, the significance disappeared for the smokers with COPD and strengthened for those with AAD, where EAD correlated significantly with RA-910 and PD15. ABD was similar in the two groups and did not correlate with PFT and quantitative CT in either group.

In conclusion, based on quantitative computed tomography and aerosol-derived airway morphometry, emphysema was significantly more severe in patients with ₁-antitrypsin deficiency compared with patients with usual emphysema, despite similar measures of pulmonary function tests.

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