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1 National Institute of Occupational Safety and Prevention Research Center at the University of Parma, and 2 Laboratory of Industrial Toxicology, Dept of Clinical Medicine, Nephrology and Health Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, 3 Allergology and Immunology Unit of Maugeri Foundation, Pavia, and 4 Respiratory Dept and Lung Function Unit of Maugeri Foundation, Gussago, Brescia, Italy
CORRESPONDENCE: A. Mutti, Laboratory of Industrial Toxicology, Dept of Clinical Medicine, Nephrology and Health Sciences, via Gramsci 14, University of Parma, 43100 Parma, Italy. Fax: 39 52133076. E-mail: antonio.mutti@unipr.it
Keywords: Aldehydes, exhaled breath condensate, induced sputum
Received: January 8, 2004
Accepted August 6, 2004
This study was supported in part by grant 1R01 HL72323-01 from the National Heart, Blood and Lung Institute (NHLBI; Bethesda, USA). Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the NHLBI or National Institute of Health.
The aim of the present study was to compare aldehyde levels resulting from lipid peroxidation in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and induced sputum (IS) supernatant of subjects with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Aldehydes (malondialdehyde (MDA), acrolein, n-hexanal (C6), n-heptanal (C7), n-nonanal (C9), 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) and 4-hydroxyhexenal (HHE)) in both biological fluids were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
MDA concentrations in sputum were 132.5 nM (82.5–268.8) and 23.7 nM (9–53.7) in EBC. Similarly, C6, C7 and C9 concentrations in IS were 1.5–4.7-fold higher than in EBC. Acrolein levels were 131.1 nM (55.6–264.6) in IS and 45.3 nM (14.4–127.1) in EBC. The concentrations of HNE and HHE in IS were not significantly different from the levels in EBC. Aldehyde levels in EBC did not show any correlation with aldehyde levels in IS or with differential sputum cellular count. In COPD, MDA in EBC, but not its IS counterpart, was negatively correlated with the severity of disease.
In conclusion, the data presented here show that aldehydes can be detected in both exhaled breath condensate and supernatant of induced sputum, but that their relative concentrations are different and not correlated with each other. Therefore, with regard to lipid peroxidation products, exhaled breath condensate and induced sputum must be considered as independent techniques.
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