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1 Dept of Internal Medicine, and 2 Dept of Pathology, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, and 3 Dept of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. 4 National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, CO, and 5 Dept of Pathology, University of Pittsburg, Pittsburg, PA, USA.
CORRESPONDENCE: V. Kinnula, Dept of Medicine, BOX 22 (Haartmaninkatu 4), 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. Fax: 358 947176107. E-mail: vuokko.kinnula@helsinki.fi
Keywords: Antioxidant, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, oxidant, smoking, superoxide dismutase
Received: October 29, 2003
Accepted June 30, 2004
This study was partly supported by the Finnish Antituberculosis Association Foundation, the Juselius Foundation and the EVO funding ofOulu and Helsinki University Hospitals, Finland.
Oxidant stress is a key mechanism for smoking-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Smoking has been shown to upregulate several antioxidant enzymes, with potential effects on the prevention of the disease and/or its progression. Superoxide dismutases (SOD)s are the only enzymes capable of consuming superoxide radicals. The purpose of the present study was to investigate SODs in the lungs of nonsmokers, smokers and COPD patients.
Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), copper zinc SOD (CuZnSOD), and extracellular SOD (ECSOD), were investigated by immunohistochemistry in the airways of 13 nonsmokers, 20 smokers and 22 COPD patients with mild-to-moderate disease. Lung tissue homogenates of three nonsmokers and four smokers were used for Western blot and enzyme activity analysis.
The expression of MnSOD was higher in the central bronchial epithelium of smokers with COPD and in the alveolar epithelium of smokers without or with COPD than innonsmokers. Lung MnSOD immunoreactivity, evaluated by Western blotting and specific activity, were 33% and 51% higher, respectively, in smokers than in nonsmokers. No major changes could be observed in lung CuZnSOD or ECSOD immunoreactivities.
Manganese superoxide dismutase is elevated in the alveolar epithelium of cigarette smokers, probably due to the increased oxidant burden in smokers' lungs.
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