|
 |
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
Copyright ©ERS Journals Ltd 2004
Phase II of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC II): rationale and methods
1 Dept of Epidemiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, and 5 Children's Hospital, University of Munich, Munich, Germany. 2 Centre for Allergy Research and Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden. 3 Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands. 4 Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, and 6 St. Georges's Hospital Medical School, London, UK
CORRESPONDENCE: S.K. Weiland, Dept of Epidemiology, University of Ulm, Helmholzstr. 22, 89081, Ulm, Germany. Fax: 49 7315031069. E-mail: stephan.weiland@medizin.uni-ulm.de
Keywords: Asthma, childhood, eczema, epidemiology, International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood Phase II, rhinitis
Received: August 5, 2003
Accepted March 22, 2004
The coordination and central laboratory analyses of the European centres were supported by the Fifth Framework Programme of the European Commission, Brussels, Belgium (QLK4-CT-1999-01288). Support details for the local studies are given in the Funding of local studies section at the end of this article. Pharmacia Diagnostics (Uppsala, Sweden) generously made reagents available at a nominal cost. ALK (Horsholm, Denmark) generously provided reagents for fieldwork in several low-income countries without charge.
International comparative studies, investigating whether disease incidence or prevalence rates differ between populations and, if so, which factors explain the observed differences, have made important contributions to the understanding of disease aetiology in many areas. In Phase I of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC), the prevalence rates of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic eczema in 13–14-yr-olds, assessed by standardised questionnaires, were found to differ >20-fold between the 155 study centres around the world. Phase II of ISAAC aims to identify determinants of these differences by studying informative populations.
A detailed study protocol was developed for use in community-based random samples of children aged 9–11 yrs. The study modules include standardised questionnaires with detailed questions on the occurrence and severity of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic eczema, their clinical management, and a broad range of previous and current exposure conditions. In addition, standardised protocols were applied for examination of flexural dermatitis, skin-prick testing, bronchial challenge with hypertonic saline, blood sampling for immunoglobulin E analyses and genotyping, and dust sampling for assessment of indoor exposures to allergens and endotoxin.
To date, ISAAC II field work had been completed or started in 30 study centres in 22 countries.
The majority of centres are in countries that participated in International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood Phase I and reflect almost the full range of the observed variability in Phase I prevalence rates.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  M Rosenlund, F Forastiere, D Porta, M De Sario, C Badaloni, and C A Perucci Traffic-related air pollution in relation to respiratory symptoms, allergic sensitisation and lung function in schoolchildren Thorax, July 1, 2009; 64(7): 573 - 580. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Nagel, G. Buchele, G. Weinmayr, B. Bjorksten, Y-Z. Chen, H. Wang, W. Nystad, Y. Saraclar, L. Braback, J. Batlles-Garrido, et al. Effect of breastfeeding on asthma, lung function and bronchial hyperreactivity in ISAAC Phase II Eur. Respir. J., May 1, 2009; 33(5): 993 - 1002. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Weinmayr, F. Forastiere, S. K. Weiland, P. Rzehak, T. Abramidze, I. Annesi-Maesano, B. Bjorksten, B. Brunekreef, G. Buchele, W. O. C. Cookson, et al. International variation in prevalence of rhinitis and its relationship with sensitisation to perennial and seasonal allergens Eur. Respir. J., November 1, 2008; 32(5): 1250 - 1261. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Douwes, S. Cheng, N. Travier, C. Cohet, A. Niesink, J. McKenzie, C. Cunningham, G. Le Gros, E. von Mutius, and N. Pearce Farm exposure in utero may protect against asthma, hay fever and eczema Eur. Respir. J., September 1, 2008; 32(3): 603 - 611. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. T. Hugg, M. S. Jaakkola, R. O. Ruotsalainen, V. J. Pushkarev, and J. J.K. Jaakkola Parental smoking behaviour and effects of tobacco smoke on children's health in Finland and Russia Eur J Public Health, February 1, 2008; 18(1): 55 - 62. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. van Gent, L. E. M. van Essen-Zandvliet, M. M. Rovers, J. L. L. Kimpen, G. de Meer, and C. K. van der Ent Poor perception of dyspnoea in children with undiagnosed asthma Eur. Respir. J., November 1, 2007; 30(5): 887 - 891. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Weinmayr, S. K. Weiland, B. Bjorksten, B. Brunekreef, G. Buchele, W. O. C. Cookson, L. Garcia-Marcos, M. Gotua, C. Gratziou, M. van Hage, et al. Atopic Sensitization and the International Variation of Asthma Symptom Prevalence in Children Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., September 15, 2007; 176(6): 565 - 574. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Pearce, N. Ait-Khaled, R. Beasley, J. Mallol, U. Keil, E. Mitchell, C. Robertson, and and the ISAAC Phase Three Study Group Worldwide trends in the prevalence of asthma symptoms: phase III of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Thorax, September 1, 2007; 62(9): 758 - 766. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Radon, D. Windstetter, A. L. Poluda, B. Mueller, E. v. Mutius, S. Koletzko, and Chronische Autoimmunerkrankungen und Kontakt zu Ti Contact With Farm Animals in Early Life and Juvenile Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Case-Control Study Pediatrics, August 1, 2007; 120(2): 354 - 361. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. U. Pereira, P. D. Sly, P. M. Pitrez, M. H. Jones, D. Escouto, A. C. O. Dias, S. K. Weiland, and R. T. Stein Nonatopic asthma is associated with helminth infections and bronchiolitis in poor children Eur. Respir. J., June 1, 2007; 29(6): 1154 - 1160. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Brauer, G. Hoek, H. A. Smit, J. C. de Jongste, J. Gerritsen, D. S. Postma, M. Kerkhof, and B. Brunekreef Air pollution and development of asthma, allergy and infections in a birth cohort Eur. Respir. J., May 1, 2007; 29(5): 879 - 888. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. L. M. Joseph, E. Peterson, S. Havstad, C. C. Johnson, S. Hoerauf, S. Stringer, W. Gibson-Scipio, D. R. Ownby, J. Elston-Lafata, U. Pallonen, et al. A Web-based, Tailored Asthma Management Program for Urban African-American High School Students Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., May 1, 2007; 175(9): 888 - 895. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 V Morgenstern, A Zutavern, J Cyrys, I Brockow, U Gehring, S Koletzko, C P Bauer, D Reinhardt, H-E Wichmann, and J Heinrich Respiratory health and individual estimated exposure to traffic-related air pollutants in a cohort of young children Occup. Environ. Med., January 1, 2007; 64(1): 8 - 16. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J Genuneit, G Weinmayr, K Radon, H Dressel, D Windstetter, P Rzehak, C Vogelberg, W Leupold, D Nowak, E von Mutius, et al. Smoking and the incidence of asthma during adolescence: results of a large cohort study in Germany Thorax, July 1, 2006; 61(7): 572 - 578. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Radon, D. Windstetter, S. Solfrank, E. von Mutius, D. Nowak, H.-P. Schwarz, and for the Chronic Autoimmune Disease and Contact to Exposure to Farming Environments in Early Life and Type 1 Diabetes: A Case-Control Study Diabetes, November 1, 2005; 54(11): 3212 - 3216. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |