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Copyright ©ERS Journals Ltd 2004
BMPR2 mutations in pulmonary arterial hypertension with congenital heart disease
Depts of 1 Medicine, 2 Psychiatry, 3 Pediatrics, and the 4 Columbia Genome Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and the 5 New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
CORRESPONDENCE: J.H. Morse, Dept of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA. Fax: 1 2123054943. E-mail: jhm4@columbia.edu
Keywords: Bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 mutations, congenital heart defects, eisenmenger syndrome, pulmonary hypertension
Received: February 13, 2004
Accepted May 12, 2004
This study was supported by the Stony Wold-Herbert Foundation (K.E. Roberts), the Pulmonary Hypertension Association (W.P.K. Wong) and National Institute of Health-Heart Lung 60056 (J.H. Morse).
The aim of the present study was to determine if patients with both pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), due to pulmonary vascular obstructive disease, and congenital heart defects (CHD), have mutations in the gene encoding bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPR)-2.
The BMPR2 gene was screened in two cohorts: 40 adults and 66 children with PAH/CHD. CHDs were patent ductus arteriosus, atrial and ventricular septal defects, partial anomalous pulmonary venous return, transposition of the great arteries, atrioventicular canal, and rare lesions with systemic-to-pulmonary shunts.
Six novel missense BMPR2 mutations were found in three out of four adults with complete type C atrioventricular canals and in three children. One child had an atrial septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus; one had an atrial septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus and partial anomalous pulmonary venous return; and one had an aortopulmonary window and a ventricular septal defect.
Bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 mutations were found in 6% of a mixed cohort of adults and children with pulmonary arterial hypertension/congenital heart defects. The current findings compliment recent reports in mouse models implicating members of the bone morphogenetic protein/transforming growth factor-ß pathway inducing cardiac anomalies analogous to human atrioventricular canals, septal defects and conotruncal congenital heart defects. The small number of patients studied and the ascertainment bias inherent in selecting for pulmonary arterial hypertension require further investigation.
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