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1 Dept of Public Health Sciences, Guy's, King's and St Thomas' School of Medicine, King's College, 3 Centre for Chemical Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, London and 2 Unit of Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, Institute of Child Health, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
CORRESPONDENCE: S.O. Shaheen, Dept of Public Health Sciences, Capital House, 42 Weston Street, London, SE1 3QD, UK. Fax: 44 2078486605/6620. E-mail: seif.shaheen@kcl.ac.uk
Keywords: Birth cohort, eczema, prenatal/foetal nutrition, trace elements/minerals, wheezing
Received: October 21, 2003
Accepted March 15, 2004
This study was funded by the UK Medical Research Council. S.O. Shaheen and R.B. Newson were funded by the UK Dept of Health. Core funding for the long-term follow-up of the cohort came from the Medical Research Council, the Wellcome Trust, the UK Dept of Health, the Dept of the Environment, Dept forEducation and Employment, the National Institutes of Health, and a variety of medical research charities and commercial sponsors.
It has been suggested that foetal nutrition might influence the inception of wheezing and atopic disorders in childhood but specific nutrients have not been implicated.
In the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children umbilical cord samples were assayed for trace elements and minerals, and mothers were asked about wheezing and eczema in their children. Associations of cord concentrations of selenium, zinc, copper, manganese, magnesium, iron, lead and mercury with wheezing at 30–42 months, with wheezing patterns defined by the presence or absence of transient infant, later onset or persistent wheezing at 0–6 months and 30–42 months, respectively (n=2,044), and with eczema at 18–30 months (n=2,173), were analysed.
Cord selenium was negatively associated with persistent wheeze (adjusted odds ratio (OR) per doubling concentration: 0.67). Cord iron was negatively associated with later onset wheeze (OR: 0.86) and with eczema (OR: 0.90). Children with high cord concentrations of selenium and iron were less likely than those with low concentrations to wheeze transiently in infancy.
The level of foetal exposure to selenium and iron may possibly influence the risk of wheezing and eczema in early childhood although, in view of the multiple analyses carried out, it is possible that the main findings occurred by chance.
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