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1 Division of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, 2 Division of Neuroanesthesiology, and 3 Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
CORRESPONDENCE: J. Hunt, Division of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Box 800386, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA. Fax: 1 4342435392. E-mail: JHunt@virginia.edu
Keywords: acidopnea, endogenous airway acidification, exhaled breath condensate, inflammometry, noninvasive, pH
Received: April 7, 2003
Accepted July 3, 2003
J. Hunt, B. Gaston and J. Vaughan are minority shareholders in Respiratory Research Inc., the manufacturer of the breath condensate collection devices used for all samples collected in this study. Additionally J. Vaughan is employed part-time by this company.
Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) pH is low in several lung diseases and it normalises with therapy.
The current study examined factors relevant to EBC pH monitoring. Intraday and intraweek variability were studied in 76 subjects. The pH of EBC collected orally and from isolated lower airways was compared in an additional 32 subjects. Effects of ventilatory pattern (hyperventilation/hypoventilation), airway obstruction after methacholine, temperature (–44 to +13°C) and duration of collection (2–7 min), and duration of sample storage (up to 2 yrs) were examined. All samples were collected with a disposable condensing device, and de-aerated with argon until pH measurement stabilised.
Mean EBC pH (n=76 subjects, total samples=741) was 7.7±0.49 (mean±sd). Mean intraweek and intraday coefficients of variation were 4.5% and 3.5%. Control of EBC pH appears to be at the level of the lower airway. Temperature of collection, duration of collection and storage, acute airway obstruction, subject age, saliva pH, and profound hyperventilation and hypoventilation had no effect on EBC pH.
The current authors conclude that in health, exhaled breath condensate pH is slightly alkaline, held in a narrow range, and is controlled by lower airway source fluid. Measurement of exhaled breath condensate pH is a simple, robust, reproducible and relevant marker of disease.
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