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Eur Respir J 2003; 21:1017-1023
Copyright ©ERS Journals Ltd 2003

Sex differences in lung vulnerability to tobacco smoking

A. Langhammer1,2, R. Johnsen2, A. Gulsvik3, T.L. Holmen1,2 and L. Bjermer4

1 Nord-Trøndelag Health Study Research Centre, Norwegian University of Science andTechnology (NTNU), Verdal, 2 Dept of Community Medicine and General Practice, NTNU, Trondheim, 3 Dept of Thoracic Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. 4 Dept ofRespiratory Medicine and Allergology, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden

CORRESPONDENCE: A. Langhammer, Nord-Trøndelag Health Study Research Centre, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Neptunveien 1, N-7650 Verdal, Norway. Fax: 47 74075181. E-mail: arnulf.langhammer@medisin.ntnu.no

Keywords: lung function, respiratory symptoms, self-rated health, sex, tobacco smoking

Received: June 20, 2002
Accepted January 29, 2003

This study was supported by the Norwegian Research Council and AstraZeneca.

Studies have indicated that females are more vulnerable to the deleterious effect of tobacco smoking than males. The current study aimed to investigate the associations between tobacco smoking and reported respiratory symptoms, self-rated health, and lung function by sex.

In 1995–1997 65,225 subjects aged ≥20 yrs (71% of invited) attended for screening within the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study. Among these, 10,941 subjects selected randomly or because they reported having asthma or asthma-related symptoms, participated in the Bronchial Obstruction in Nord-Trøndelag study consisting of spirometry and a personal interview.

Tobacco smoking was associated with increased prevalence of respiratory symptoms, reduced lung function, and lower score on global self-rated health (SRH). Adjusted for smoking burden and lung function, females had a higher risk for reporting respiratory symptoms and lower SRH compared with males. Further, smoking burden was associated with a larger relative reduction in expiratory lung function in females than in males.

Females reported more symptoms and lower self-rated health compared with males with similar smoking burden. Even if smoking in females was associated with a larger reduction in per cent predicted lung function compared with males, this does not fully explain the higher symptom prevalence in females.




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