HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Permissions Request Permissions Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in ISI Web of Science Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via ISI Web of Science (20) Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Pijnenburg, M.W.H. Articles by de Jongste, J.C. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Pijnenburg, M.W.H. Articles by de Jongste, J.C.

Exhaled nitric oxide measurements with dynamic flow restriction in children aged 4–8 yrs

¹ Dept of Paediatrics/Respiratory Medicine, ³ Dept of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, ⁴ Central Instrumentation Dept, Erasmus MC University Medical Center - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. ² Dept of Paediatrics/Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Padova, Padova, Italy

CORRESPONDENCE: J.C. de Jongste, Erasmus Medical Center - Sophia Children's Hospital, P.O. Box 2060, 3000 CB, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Fax: 31 104636801. E-mail: dejongste@lons.azr.nl

Keywords: children, dynamic flow restriction, exhaled nitric oxide, normal values, off-line, on-line

Received: February 15, 2002
Accepted May 31, 2002

M.W.H. Pijnenburg was supported by a grant from the Dutch Asthma Foundation and L. Ghiro was supported by a grant of the Italian Nitric Oxide Club (INOC).

Fractional exhaled nitric oxide concentration (FEno) depends on exhalation flow; however, children often are unable to perform controlled flow procedures. Therefore, a device was developed for off-line FEno sampling, with dynamic flow restriction (DFR).

The authors compared off-line with on-line FEno, assessed feasibility, and obtained normal values for FEno in children aged 4–8 yrs. Subjects inhaled nitric oxide (NO)-free air and exhaled into the device, where DFR kept exhalation flow constant at 50 mL·s^–1. Dead space air was discarded. Exhaled air was collected in a 150 mL mylar balloon. On-line measurements were performed and values compared with off-line FEno in 19 adult volunteers. Seventy-nine children performed off-line sampling. All samples were analysed with a chemiluminescence NO-analyser. Normal values were obtained in 34 healthy children.

There was an excellent correlation between on- and off-line values. Bland and Altman plots showed good agreement between on- and off-line FEno. Seventy-four out of 79 children were able to perform a correct off-line procedure. Geometric mean±sem FEno in healthy children was 4.9±1.2 parts per billion (ppb) for male children and 7.6±1.1 ppb for female children.

It can be concluded that off-line fraction of exhaled nitric oxide measurements with dynamic flow restriction are feasible in young children and correspond to on-line values.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				C. Gabriele, R. Asgarali, V. W. Jaddoe, A. Hofman, H. A. Moll, and J. C. de Jongste Smoke exposure, airway symptoms and exhaled nitric oxide in infants: the Generation R study Eur. Respir. J., August 1, 2008; 32(2): 307 - 313. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Pijnenburg Exhaled nitric oxide in childhood asthma: methodological issues and clinical applications Eur. Respir. Rev., December 1, 2006; 15(101): 215 - 217. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. W. Turner Exhaled nitric oxide in 4-year-old children: relationship with asthma and atopy Eur. Respir. J., August 1, 2005; 26(2): 359 - 359. [Full Text] [PDF]

				ATS/ERS Recommendations for Standardized Procedures for the Online and Offline Measurement of Exhaled Lower Respiratory Nitric Oxide and Nasal Nitric Oxide, 2005 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., April 15, 2005; 171(8): 912 - 930. [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. E. Brussee, H. A. Smit, M. Kerkhof, L. P. Koopman, A. H. Wijga, D. S. Postma, J. Gerritsen, D. E. Grobbee, B. Brunekreef, and J. C. de Jongste Exhaled nitric oxide in 4-year-old children: relationship with asthma and atopy Eur. Respir. J., March 1, 2005; 25(3): 455 - 461. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. J. Franklin, S. M. Stick, P. N. Le Souef, J. G. Ayres, and S. W. Turner Measuring Exhaled Nitric Oxide Levels in Adults: The Importance of Atopy and Airway Responsiveness Chest, November 1, 2004; 126(5): 1540 - 1545. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P.J. Franklin, S.W. Turner, R.C. Mutch, and S.M. Stick Comparison of single-breath and tidal breathing exhaled nitric oxide levels in infants Eur. Respir. J., March 1, 2004; 23(3): 369 - 372. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]