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Copyright ©ERS Journals Ltd 2002
Relaxation of proximal and distal isolated human bronchi by halothane, isoflurane and desflurane
1 University of Medicine Paris-Ouest and UFR Biomédicale des St Pères, Paris, 2 Department of Anaesthesia, Antoine Béclère Hospital, Clamart cedex, 3 Laboratoire Lab-Guigui et Associés, Paris and 4 Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
CORRESPONDENCE: F.J. Mercier, Dépt d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, 157 rue de la Porte de Trivaux, 92141, Clamart Cedex, France. Fax: 33 145374985. E-mail: frederic.mercier@abc.ap-hop-paris.fr
Keywords: adenosine-triphosphate sensitive K+ channels, airway smooth muscle, asthma, desflurane, halothane, isoflurane
Received: August 23, 2001
Accepted March 5, 2002
Volatile anaesthetics relax airway smooth muscle in vitro. The amount of relaxation might depend on the type and concentration of volatile anaesthetics, the calibre and precontraction level of the bronchi, and also on the species considered. These effects were investigated on isolated human bronchi.
Isometric relaxations produced by halothane, isoflurane and desflurane bubbled on human bronchial rings precontracted with carbachol were recorded and compared with time controls.
Volatile anaesthetics induced a concentration-dependent relaxation at 0.66, 1.33 and 2 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC). The relaxation was greater in mildly (carbachol 3x10–7 M) than in highly (carbachol 2x10–6 M) precontracted bronchi. Halothane was more potent in relaxing distal as compared to proximal bronchi; this differential effect was less pronounced with isoflurane and not observed with desflurane. While the three volatile anaesthetics induced similar relaxation on proximal bronchi, halothane was significantly more potent than desflurane on distal bronchi, with isoflurane being intermediate. The relaxation induced by 1.33 MAC of halothane, isoflurane and desflurane on moderately precontracted distal bronchi (carbachol 1x10–6 M) was attenuated by pretreatment with glibenclamide 1x10–5 M.
In conclusion, halothane, isoflurane and desflurane exert direct but differential relaxant effects on human isolated bronchial smooth muscle. This may provide supplemental bronchodilation during anaesthesia. Although adenosine triphosphate-sensitive K+ channels are involved in these relaxant effects, they are unlikely to explain the observed differences between the three volatile anaesthetics.
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