| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
CORRESPONDENCE: E. Baraldi, Dept of Paediatrics, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padova, Italy. Fax: 39 0498213502. E-mail: eugi@pediatria.unipd.it
Accepted
This statement was approved by the European Respiratory Society Executive Committee (November 2001) and the American Thoracic Society Board of Directors (March 2002).
Abstract
Measurement of fractional exhaled nitric oxide in exhaled air is an exciting innovative technique that gives new insights in to the pathophysiology of lung disease and asthma in particular, with many potential clinical applications. Careful standardisation of measurement techniques will facilitate the use of this new measurement in paediatric respiratory medicine; this Task Force was set up for this purpose. Methodologies, for use in all age groups, are already available and there are abundant questions relating to interpretation and application of fractional exhaled nitric oxide waiting to be addressed. Noninvasiveness and instantaneous results potentially make it a suitable monitoring instrument for use in children. Exhaled nitric oxide measurement has definitely found its way into clinical research in paediatric respiratory medicine. Evidence for clinically-useful applications is accumulating, and the merits of this new technique must now be demonstrated in larger studies, using standardised methodology in an appropriate setting.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  N. Regamey, M. Ochs, T. N. Hilliard, C. Muhlfeld, N. Cornish, L. Fleming, S. Saglani, E. W. F. W. Alton, A. Bush, P. K. Jeffery, et al. Increased Airway Smooth Muscle Mass in Children with Asthma, Cystic Fibrosis, and Non-Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., April 15, 2008; 177(8): 837 - 843. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Grasemann, F. Ratjen, D. Schnabel, E. Reutershahn, U. Vester, and H. Grasemann Effect of growth hormone therapy on nitric oxide formation in cystic fibrosis patients Eur. Respir. J., April 1, 2008; 31(4): 815 - 821. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Bodini, D. Peroni, A. Loiacono, S. Costella, R. Pigozzi, E. Baraldi, A. L. Boner, and G. L. Piacentini Exhaled Nitric Oxide Daily Evaluation Is Effective in Monitoring Exposure to Relevant Allergens in Asthmatic Children Chest, November 1, 2007; 132(5): 1520 - 1525. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Carraro, S. Rezzi, F. Reniero, K. Heberger, G. Giordano, S. Zanconato, C. Guillou, and E. Baraldi Metabolomics Applied to Exhaled Breath Condensate in Childhood Asthma Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., May 15, 2007; 175(10): 986 - 990. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Pifferi, D. Caramella, A. M. Cangiotti, V. Ragazzo, P. Macchia, and A. L. Boner Nasal Nitric Oxide in Atypical Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Chest, March 1, 2007; 131(3): 870 - 873. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Lex, F. Ferreira, A. Zacharasiewicz, A. G. Nicholson, P. L. Haslam, N. M. Wilson, T. T. Hansel, D. N. R. Payne, and A. Bush Airway Eosinophilia in Children with Severe Asthma: Predictive Values of Noninvasive Tests Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., December 15, 2006; 174(12): 1286 - 1291. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D R Taylor, M W Pijnenburg, A D Smith, and J C D Jongste Exhaled nitric oxide measurements: clinical application and interpretation. Thorax, September 1, 2006; 61(9): 817 - 827. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Bonetto, M. Corradi, S. Carraro, S. Zanconato, R. Alinovi, G. Folesani, L. Da Dalt, A. Mutti, and E. Baraldi Longitudinal Monitoring of Lung Injury in Children after Acute Chlorine Exposure in a Swimming Pool Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., September 1, 2006; 174(5): 545 - 549. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Paraskakis, C. Brindicci, L. Fleming, R. Krol, S. A. Kharitonov, N. M. Wilson, P. J. Barnes, and A. Bush Measurement of Bronchial and Alveolar Nitric Oxide Production in Normal Children and Children with Asthma Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., August 1, 2006; 174(3): 260 - 267. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. C. Nicolaou, L. A. Lowe, C. S. Murray, A. Woodcock, A. Simpson, and A. Custovic Exhaled Breath Condensate pH and Childhood Asthma: Unselected Birth Cohort Study Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., August 1, 2006; 174(3): 254 - 259. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Grasemann, F. Kurtz, and F. Ratjen Inhaled L-Arginine Improves Exhaled Nitric Oxide and Pulmonary Function in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., July 15, 2006; 174(2): 208 - 212. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
ATS Workshop Proceedings: Exhaled Nitric Oxide and Nitric Oxide Oxidative Metabolism in Exhaled Breath Condensate: Executive Summary. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., April 1, 2006; 173(7): 811 - 813. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Grasemann, R. Schwiertz, S. Matthiesen, K. Racke, and F. Ratjen Increased Arginase Activity in Cystic Fibrosis Airways Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., December 15, 2005; 172(12): 1523 - 1528. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. W. Pijnenburg, E. M. Bakker, W. C. Hop, and J. C. De Jongste Titrating Steroids on Exhaled Nitric Oxide in Children with Asthma: A Randomized Controlled Trial Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., October 1, 2005; 172(7): 831 - 836. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T F Leung, G W K Wong, F W S Ko, C W K Lam, and T F Fok Clinical and atopic parameters and airway inflammatory markers in childhood asthma: a factor analysis Thorax, October 1, 2005; 60(10): 822 - 826. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Horvath, J. Hunt, P. J. Barnes, and On behalf of the ATS/ERS Task Force on Exhaled Bre Exhaled breath condensate: methodological recommendations and unresolved questions Eur. Respir. J., September 1, 2005; 26(3): 523 - 548. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R Ratnawati and P S Thomas Exhaled nitric oxide in paediatric asthma Chronic Respiratory Disease, July 1, 2005; 2(3): 163 - 174. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. E. Silkoff Monitoring nitric oxide: here to stay for bench and bedside Eur. Respir. J., June 1, 2005; 25(6): 949 - 950. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Gaston Inhaled Corticosteroid Dose Reduction in Childhood Asthma: Is Nitrosopnea Informative? Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., May 15, 2005; 171(10): 1065 - 1066. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Zacharasiewicz, N. Wilson, C. Lex, E. M. Erin, A. M. Li, T. Hansel, M. Khan, and A. Bush Clinical Use of Noninvasive Measurements of Airway Inflammation in Steroid Reduction in Children Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., May 15, 2005; 171(10): 1077 - 1082. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
ATS/ERS Recommendations for Standardized Procedures for the Online and Offline Measurement of Exhaled Lower Respiratory Nitric Oxide and Nasal Nitric Oxide, 2005 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., April 15, 2005; 171(8): 912 - 930. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. E. Brussee, H. A. Smit, M. Kerkhof, L. P. Koopman, A. H. Wijga, D. S. Postma, J. Gerritsen, D. E. Grobbee, B. Brunekreef, and J. C. de Jongste Exhaled nitric oxide in 4-year-old children: relationship with asthma and atopy Eur. Respir. J., March 1, 2005; 25(3): 455 - 461. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M W Pijnenburg, W Hofhuis, W C Hop, and J C De Jongste Exhaled nitric oxide predicts asthma relapse in children with clinical asthma remission Thorax, March 1, 2005; 60(3): 215 - 218. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Grasemann, C. Grasemann, F. Kurtz, G. Tietze-Schillings, U. Vester, and F. Ratjen Oral L-arginine supplementation in cystic fibrosis patients: a placebo-controlled study Eur. Respir. J., January 1, 2005; 25(1): 62 - 68. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Baraldi, M.F. Pasquale, A.M. Cangiotti, S. Zanconato, and F. Zacchello Nasal nitric oxide is low early in life: case study of two infants with primary ciliary dyskinesia Eur. Respir. J., November 1, 2004; 24(5): 881 - 883. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D N R Payne, Y Qiu, J Zhu, L Peachey, M Scallan, A Bush, and P K Jeffery Airway inflammation in children with difficult asthma: relationships with airflow limitation and persistent symptoms Thorax, October 1, 2004; 59(10): 862 - 869. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G Roberts, C Hurley, A Bush, and G Lack Longitudinal study of grass pollen exposure, symptoms, and exhaled nitric oxide in childhood seasonal allergic asthma Thorax, September 1, 2004; 59(9): 752 - 756. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. L. M. Ricciardolo, P. J. Sterk, B. Gaston, and G. Folkerts Nitric Oxide in Health and Disease of the Respiratory System Physiol Rev, July 1, 2004; 84(3): 731 - 765. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P.J. Franklin, S.W. Turner, R.C. Mutch, and S.M. Stick Comparison of single-breath and tidal breathing exhaled nitric oxide levels in infants Eur. Respir. J., March 1, 2004; 23(3): 369 - 372. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A Deykin and L P Malmberg FENO as a diagnostic tool in paediatric asthma * Author's reply Thorax, March 1, 2004; 59(3): 271 - 271. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L P Malmberg, A S Pelkonen, T Haahtela, and M Turpeinen Exhaled nitric oxide rather than lung function distinguishes preschool children with probable asthma Thorax, June 1, 2003; 58(6): 494 - 499. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M.W.H. Pijnenburg, E.T. Lissenberg, W. Hofhuis, L. Ghiro, W.C.J. Hop, W.P. Holland, and J.C. de Jongste Exhaled nitric oxide measurements with dynamic flow restriction in children aged 4-8 yrs Eur. Respir. J., October 1, 2002; 20(4): 919 - 924. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Godfrey Ups and Downs of Nitric Oxide in Chesty Children Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., August 15, 2002; 166(4): 438 - 439. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
