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Copyright ©ERS Journals Ltd 2002
The effects of respiratory infections, atopy, and breastfeeding on childhood asthma
1 Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Centre for Child Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Australia, 2 Dept of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science, School of Public Health, Curtin University of Technology and 3 Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Australia
CORRESPONDENCE: W.H. Oddy, Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, PO Box 855 West Perth, Western Australia, 6872, Australia. Fax: 61 894897700. E-mail: wendyo@ichr.uwa.edu.au
Keywords: atopy, breastfeeding, childhood asthma, respiratory infections
Received: December 11, 2000
Accepted January 17, 2002
The objectives of the present study were to quantify the association of atopy and respiratory infections with asthma, and exclusive breastfeeding with respiratory illness, atopy and asthma in children.
A cohort study of 2,602 children enrolled prior to birth and followed prospectively, provided data on respiratory illness, the method of feeding in the first year of life, as reported on a prospective diary card, and current asthma at the age of 6 yrs (defined as doctor-diagnosed asthma with wheeze in the last year or cough without a cold, and currently taking either preventer or reliever asthma medication), as reported by parental questionnaire. Atopy was defined by a positive skin-prick test assessed at the age of 6 yrs.
Wheezing lower respiratory illness (LRI) in the first year of life, particularly multiple episodes of wheezing LRI, increased the risk for current asthma in both nonatopic (odds ratio (OR) 4.10, p
Wheezing lower respiratory illness in the first year of life and atopy are independently associated with increased risk for current asthma at the age of 6 yrs, suggesting that their effects are mediated via different causal pathways and that these risk factors are multiplicative when they operate concomitantly within individual children. Exclusive breastfeeding protects against asthma via effects on both these pathways, as well as through other as yet undefined mechanisms.
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0.0005) and atopic children (OR 9.00, p0.0005), but did not increase the risk for atopy. In contrast, up to three upper respiratory tract infections demonstrated a negative association and four or more a positive risk for current asthma in unadjusted (p=0.006) and adjusted (p=0.057) analysis. Following adjustment, exclusive breastfeeding for <4 months was associated with an increased risk for current asthma (OR 1.36, 95% confidence interval 1.00–1.85, p=0.047).
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