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1 Division of Genomic Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, and 2 Section of Leukocyte Biology, Biomedical Sciences Division, Imperial College School of Medicine, London, UK
CORRESPONDENCE: I. Sabroe, Respiratory Medicine Unit, Division of Genomic Medicine, M Floor, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, S10 2JF, UK. Fax: 44 8701313361
Keywords: allergy, asthma, chemokines, immunoresponse, inflammation
Received: June 18, 2001
Accepted September 28, 2001
Abstract
Selective leukocyte trafficking and recruitment is primarily regulated by a specific family of small proteins called "chemokines". This extended family shepherds and guides leukocytes through their lives, facilitating their development, regulating their interactions with other leukocyte types, and guiding their recruitment to sites of inflammation.
Through the actions of chemokines, allergen sensitization is regulated in atopic asthma, through the controlled migration of dendritic cells, T- and B-lymphocytes, mast cells and basophils. Subsequently, atopic inflammation is driven by chemokine-directed recruitment of eosinophils, basophils and lymphocytes. Diseases from cancer to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to interstitial fibrosis are all potential targets for chemokine receptor antagonism.
Innate immunity (the early pattern-recognition responses to stimuli such as lipopolysaccharide, viral proteins and bacterial DNA) needs to bridge the gap to specific immunity and antibody production and immunological memory. Again, chemokines are likely to be fundamental mediators of these responses.
Chemokines are fundamental regulators of leukocyte homeostasis and inflammation, and their antagonism by small molecule chemokine receptor antagonists may be of enormous importance in the future treatment of human respiratory disease.
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