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1 Dept of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. 2 Dept of Public Health Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
CORRESPONDENCE: C. Janson, Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Akademiska sjukhuset, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden. Fax: 46 186112819
Keywords: asthma, cough, environmental tobacco smoke, obesity, sex, smoking
Received: November 20, 2000
Accepted May 2, 2001
The following grants helped to fund the local studies. Australia: Allen and Hanbury's, Australia. Belgium: Belgian Science Policy Office, National Fund for Scientific Research. Estonia: The Estonian Scientific Foundation (grant 1088), GlaxoWellcome. France: Ministere de la Santé, Glaxo France, Insitut Pneumologique d'Aquitaine, Contrat de Plan Etat-Région Languedoc-Rousillon, CNMATS, CNMRT (90MR/10, 91AF/6), Ministre delegué de la santé, RNSP. Germany: GSF, and the Bundesminister für Forschung und Technologie, Bonn. Italy: Ministero dell'Universita e della Ricerca Scientifica e Tecnologica, CNR, Regione Veneto grant RSF n. 381/05.93. New Zealand: Asthma Foundation of New Zealand, Lotteries Grant Board, Health Research Council of New Zealand. Norway: Norwegian Research Council project no. 101422/310. Spain: Ministero Sanidad y Consumo FIS grants no. 91/0016060/00E-05E, no. 92/0319, no. 93/0393, Hospital General de Albacete, Hospital General Juan Ramón Jiménez, Consejeria de Sanidad Principado de Asturias. Sweden: The Swedish Heart Lung Foundation, the Swedish Medical Research Council, the Swedish Association against Asthma and Allergy. Switzerland: Swiss National Science Foundation grant 4026-28099. UK: National Asthma Campaign, British Lung Foundation, Dept of Health, South Thames Regional Health Authority. USA: United States Department of Health, Education and Welfare Public Health Service Grant no. 2 S07 RR05521-28.
Cough is a common symptom that affects a large proportion of the general population. The aim of this investigation was to identify determinants of nocturnal, nonproductive and productive cough in population samples from different countries.
In a cross-sectional international population survey, 18,277 subjects (20–48 yrs) from 16 countries answered an interview-led questionnaire. Total and specific immunoglobulin-;E was measured and spirometry was performed. Three types of cough were defined: nocturnal, nonproductive and productive cough. The relation of the independent variables to cough was estimated by means of logistic regression for each centre or country and combined across centre or country by random-effects meta-analysis.
The median prevalence of nocturnal, nonproductive and productive cough in the different centres was 30.7%, 10.2% and 10.2%, respectively. Nocturnal and nonproductive cough were related to female sex (adjusted odds ratio (OR)=2.08 and 1.27, respectively), while nocturnal and productive cough were related to rhinitis (OR=1.46 and 1.61, respectively). All three types of cough were related to asthma, tobacco smoking, environmental tobacco smoke and obesity.
Females are more likely to report nocturnal and nonproductive cough than males. Cough was related to treatable disorders, like asthma and rhinitis, as well as avoidable factors, such as tobacco smoking and environmental tobacco smoke.
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