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Expression of members of the phospholipase A₂ family of enzymes in human nasal mucosa

Dept of Health and Environment, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Linköping, S-581 85, Linköping, Sweden

CORRESPONDENCE: A.G. Ljungman, Dept of Health and Environment, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Linköping, S-581 85, Linköping, Sweden. Fax: 46 13145831

Keywords: Inflammation, nasal mucosa, phospholipase A₂, polymerase chain reaction

Received: June 19, 2000
Accepted March 3, 2001

This work was supported by the Swedish Medical Research Council (K99-27X-05983-19A), the Swedish Council for Work Life Research (96-0615) and the Vårdal Foundation, Sweden (96/48 A96 027).

Phospholipase A₂ (PLA₂) is a family of enzymes thought to play a key role in inflammation by releasing arachidonic acid for the synthesis of eicosanoids and lysophospholipid for the synthesis of platelet-activating factor. However, the precise contribution of different PLA₂ types to the formation of inflammatory lipid mediators in the upper airways is not known and the expression of different PLA₂ genes in the human nasal mucosa has not been examined.

This study therefore investigated the occurrence of messenger ribonucleic acids (mRNAs) for different PLA₂ forms (IB, IIA, IID, IIE, III, IVA, IVB, IVC, V, VI, VII, X, acid calcium-independent (aiPLA₂), and calcium-independent membrane bound PLA₂, (iPLA₂-2)) in the nasal mucosa of five healthy human subjects.

Using reversed transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) techniques it was found that all these PLA₂ types except PLA₂ V were expressed in all subjects, whereas PLA₂ V was detected in only one individual on one single occasion. The relative abundance of the different PLA₂ transcripts were aiPLA₂>XIVA>IIAIIEIVBVI>IBIIDIIIIVCVIIiPLA₂-2. To further quantify the mRNA-expression of PLA₂ X, IVA and IIA, the samples were reanalysed with a quantitative PCR-technique utilizing competitive deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) mimics as references. The amounts of PLA₂ X, IVA and IIA mRNA were then estimated to 0.9±0.2, 1.1±0.7, and 0.0025±0.0021 amol (mean±se), respectively, confirming the relative abundance of these PLA₂ transcripts and indicating that the recently described PLA₂ X form is relatively strongly expressed.

These findings demonstrate that a large number of PLA₂ types are expressed in the normal human nasal mucosa. Moreover, this investigation demonstrates, for the first time, the presence of the newly discovered phospholipase A₂ forms IID, IIE, III, IVB, IVC, X and calcium-independent membrane bound phospholipase A₂ in the human nasal mucosa and raises the possibility that one or several of these may be involved in inflammatory reactions in the nose.

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