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Eur Respir J 1999; 14: 902-907
Copyright © ERS Journals Ltd 1999

Original Articles

Development and validation of a questionnaire to measure asthma control

EF Juniper, PM O'Byrne, GH Guyatt, PJ Ferrie, and DR King

International guidelines on asthma management indicate that the primary goal of treatment should be optimum asthma control. The aim of this study was to develop and validate the Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ). The authors generated a list of all symptoms used to assess control and sent it to 100 asthma clinicians who were members of guidelines committees (18 countries). They scored each symptom for its importance in evaluating asthma control. From the 91 responses, the five highest scoring symptoms were selected for the ACQ. In addition, there is one question on beta2-agonist use and another on airway calibre (total questions=7). The ACQ was tested in a 9-week observational study of 50 adults with symptomatic asthma. The ACQ and other measures of asthma health status were assessed at baseline, 1, 5 and 9 weeks. In patients whose asthma was stable between clinic visits, reliability of the ACQ was high (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)=0.90). The questionnaire was very responsive to change in asthma control (p<0.0001). Cross-sectional and longitudinal validity were supported by correlations between the ACQ and other measures of asthma health status being close to a priori predictions. In conclusion, the Asthma Control Questionnaire has strong evaluative and discriminative properties and can be used with confidence to measure asthma control.


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A. H. S. Harris, C. E. Thoresen, K. Humphreys, and J. Faul
Does Writing Affect Asthma? A Randomized Trial
Psychosom Med, January 1, 2005; 67(1): 130 - 136.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
J. A. Krishnan, K. A. Riekert, J. V. McCoy, D. Y. Stewart, S. Schmidt, A. Chanmugam, P. Hill, and C. S. Rand
Corticosteroid Use after Hospital Discharge among High-risk Adults with Asthma
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., December 15, 2004; 170(12): 1281 - 1285.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Eur Respir JHome page
H.K. Reddel
Goals of asthma treatment: how high should we go?
Eur. Respir. J., November 1, 2004; 24(5): 715 - 717.
[Full Text] [PDF]

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 ChestHome page
L. D. Lynd, A. J. Sandford, E. M. Kelly, P. D. Pare, T. R. Bai, J. M. FitzGerald, and A. H. Anis
Reconcilable Differences: A Cross-sectional Study of the Relationship Between Socioeconomic Status and the Magnitude of Short-Acting {beta}-Agonist Use in Asthma
Chest, October 1, 2004; 126(4): 1161 - 1168.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
D. J. Eckert, P. G. Catcheside, J. H. Smith, P. A. Frith, and R. D. McEvoy
Hypoxia Suppresses Symptom Perception in Asthma
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., June 1, 2004; 169(11): 1224 - 1230.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Eur Respir JHome page
E.F. Juniper, M.E. Wisniewski, F.M. Cox, A.H. Emmett, K.E. Nielsen, and P.M. O'Byrne
Relationship between quality of life and clinical status in asthma: a factor analysis
Eur. Respir. J., February 1, 2004; 23(2): 287 - 291.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Clin Nurs ResHome page
S. D. Schaffer and L. Tian
Promoting Adherence: Effects of Theory-Based Asthma Education
Clin Nurs Res, February 1, 2004; 13(1): 69 - 89.
[Abstract] [PDF]

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 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
H.-W. Shin, C. M. Rose-Gottron, D. M. Cooper, R. L. Newcomb, and S. C. George
Airway diffusing capacity of nitric oxide and steroid therapy in asthma
J Appl Physiol, January 1, 2004; 96(1): 65 - 75.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
R. Chaudhuri, E. Livingston, A. D. McMahon, L. Thomson, W. Borland, and N. C. Thomson
Cigarette Smoking Impairs the Therapeutic Response to Oral Corticosteroids in Chronic Asthma
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., December 1, 2003; 168(11): 1308 - 1311.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 The Annals of PharmacotherapyHome page
M. H. Ensom, G. Chong, B. Beaudin, and T. R Bai
Estradiol in Severe Asthma with Premenstrual Worsening
Ann. Pharmacother., November 1, 2003; 37(11): 1610 - 1613.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Eur Respir JHome page
C. Combescure, P. Chanez, P. Saint-Pierre, J-P. Daures, H. Proudhon, and P. Godard
Assessment of variations in control of asthma over time
Eur. Respir. J., August 1, 2003; 22(2): 298 - 304.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 ChestHome page
L.-P. Boulet, V. Boulet, and J. Milot
How Should We Quantify Asthma Control?: A Proposal
Chest, December 1, 2002; 122(6): 2217 - 2223.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 ChestHome page
E. McDonald, D. Cook, T. Newman, L. Griffith, G. Cox, and G. Guyatt
Effect of Air Filtration Systems on Asthma: A Systematic Review of Randomized Trials
Chest, November 1, 2002; 122(5): 1535 - 1542.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Eur Respir JHome page
V. Giraud and N. Roche
Misuse of corticosteroid metered-dose inhaler is associated with decreased asthma stability
Eur. Respir. J., February 1, 2002; 19(2): 246 - 251.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
W. J. UNGAR, K. R. CHAPMAN, and M. T. SANTOS
Assessment of a Medication-Based Asthma Index for Population Research
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., January 15, 2002; 165(2): 190 - 194.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
W. M. VOLLMER, L. E. MARKSON, E. O'CONNOR, E. ANN FRAZIER, M. BERGER, and A. S. BUIST
Association of Asthma Control with Health Care Utilization . A Prospective Evaluation
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., January 15, 2002; 165(2): 195 - 199.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Eur Respir JHome page
E.F. Juniper, G.R. Norman, F.M. Cox, and J.N. Roberts
Comparison of the standard gamble, rating scale, AQLQ and SF-36 for measuring quality of life in asthma
Eur. Respir. J., July 1, 2001; 18(1): 38 - 44.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Eur Respir JHome page
P. Chanez, R. Karlstrom, and P. Godard
High or standard initial dose of budesonide to control mild-to-moderate asthma?
Eur. Respir. J., May 1, 2001; 17(5): 856 - 862.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Eur Respir JHome page
E.D. Bateman, J. Bousquet, and G.L. Braunstein
Is overall asthma control being achieved? A hypothesis-generating study
Eur. Respir. J., April 1, 2001; 17(4): 589 - 595.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
E. F. JUNIPER, P. M. O'BYRNE, P. J. FERRIE, D. R. KING, and J. N. ROBERTS
Measuring Asthma Control . Clinic Questionnaire or Daily Diary?
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., October 1, 2000; 162(4): 1330 - 1334.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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